The French Subjunctive

Summary
WHAT YOU MUST KNOW

The subjunctive is conjugated in four tenses :

  • THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
  • THE PAST SUBJUNCTIVE
  • THE IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
  • THE PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE.

  • Nowadays, in the current language, only the Present Subjunctive and the Past Subjunctive are used.

    The Present Subjunctive (le subjonctif présent) is used to express an action in progress or when the action has to be performed in the future.

    The Past Subjunctive (le subjonctif passé) is used to express an action prior to the moment expressed in the main sentence.

    The two other Subjunctives, the Imperfect Subjunctive (le subjonctif imparfait) and the Pluperfect Subjunctive (le subjonctif plus-que-parfait) are both literary tenses and rarely used other than in written, sustained language.

The use of the French Subjunctive

While the indicative is used to express fact, the subjunctive is used to express one's perception of facts.

Examples of use of the subjunctive compared to the indicative :

Indicative Il s'est perdu. He got lost.
Subjunctive J'ai peur qu'il ne se soit perdu. I'm afraid he got lost.

The subjunctive then can express :

There are verbs and expressions requiring the Subjunctive. See more here.

The Present Subjunctive

The French Present Subjunctive is used to express an action in progress or when the action has to be performed in the future.

Examples, the Present Subjunctive compared to the present or future indicative.